Recent Advances in Identifying Biomarkers and High-Affinity Aptamers for Gynecologic Cancers Diagnosis and Therapy

Table 1

Summary on biomarkers and aptamers with detection strategies.

Gynaecological cancer	Biomarker	Aptamer type	Diagnosing method	Limit of detection	Advantage/disadvantage	Reference
Ovarian cancer	CA125	DNA	Fluorescence quenching	0.05 U/mL	Sensitive, need background optimization	[17]
Ovarian cancer	VEGF	DNA	Colorimetric assay	185 pM	Less sensitive, visual detection	[18]
Cervical cancer	PTK-7	DNA	RAMAN scattering	—	Need training personnel	[19]
Cervical cancer	PTK-7	DNA	Cytosensor	10-10^6 cells/mL	In vivo reflects real condition	[20]
Endometrial cancer	EGFR	RNA	Electrical	—	Sensitive, label free	[21]
Endometrial cancer	EGFR	DNA	Electro chemical	50 pg/mL	Sensitive, consume more sample volume	[22]
Cervical cancer	HPV-16 E-7	RNA	Radio isotope	Kd 1.9 µM	Sensitive, aptamer needs stabilization	[23]
Cervical cancer	HPV-16	DNA	ELISA	—	Gold standard, less sensitive	[24]
Ovarian cancer	CA 125	DNA	FET sensor	5.0 × 10^−9 U/mL	Sensitive, label free	[25]