Review Article
Recent Trends in Therapeutic Approaches for Diabetes Management: A Comprehensive Update
Table 1
Representation of the multiple primary and secondary forms of diabetes, the defective metabolism, and the adverse effects on the body organs.
| Classification of diabetes | Effects on the body | Symptoms |
| Primary diabetes | Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | Destruction of β cells | Deficiency of insulin | Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus | Insulin resistance | Loss of insulin secretion |
| Secondary diabetes/symptoms due to primary diabetes | Hormonal imbalance | Acromegaly Pheochromocytoma | | Pancreatic dysfunction | Pancreatitis Pancreatectomy Cushing’s syndrome Glucagonoma | | Drugs or chemical induced reactions, for example, anticancer agents Thiazide Psychoactive agents like glucocorticoids, streptozotocin, or diazoxide | Drug induced reactions | Hypersensitivity reactions | Insulin receptor abnormalities | Genetic syndromes Hyperlipidemia Muscular dystrophy | | Malnutrition | Hyperglycemia | Enhanced sugar levels | Glycosuria | Glycosuria Loss of weight | Excessive secretion of sugar in urine | Ketonuria | Ketosis and elimination in urine Dehydration | | Lipemia | — | Increased levels of lipid, fatty acids, and cholesterol in blood | Acidosis | — | Lowering of pH of blood | Cataract and lesions of blood vessels (atheromatous, and artherosclerotic) | | |
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