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Membranes | Nature of membrane | Esterification reactions studied | Reference |
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Chitosan-tetraethoxysilane hybrid membrane | Hydrophilic organic-inorganic hybrid membrane | Lactic acid + ethanol | [73] |
|
Nafion membrane | Hydrophilic catalytically active membrane | Acetic acid + methanol | [94] |
Acetic acid + butanol | [94] |
|
GFT-1005 and T1-b membrane | Hydrophilic organic membrane | Lactic acid + ethanol | [19] |
Succinic acid + ethanol | [19] |
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Polydimethylsiloxane membrane [PDMS] | Hydrophobic cross-linked membrane | Acetic acid + isobutanol | [95] |
Acetic acid + ethanol | [42] |
|
PERVAP | | | |
2201 | Hydrophilic polymeric membrane | Lactic acid + ethanol | [16] |
2201 | Lactic acid + ethanol | [9] |
2201 | Lactic acid + ethanol | [96] |
2216 | Lactic acid + ethanol | [96] |
1000 | Acetic acid + ethanol | [97] |
2201 | Acetic acid + isopropanol | [43] |
2201 | Propionic acid + isopropanol | [98] |
1005 | Oleic acid + i-amyl alcohol | [45] |
1005 | Acetic acid + ethanol | [18] |
1005 | Acetic acid + benzyl alcohol | [44] |
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Polyetherimide-γ alumina composite membrane | Hydrophilic composite polymeric-inorganic membrane | Acetic acid + ethanol | [99] |
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Silica membrane [Pervatech BV] | Hydrophilic inorganic membrane | Lactic acid + ethanol | [13] |
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Polyetherimide composite membrane | Polymeric/ceramic membrane | Acetic acid + ethanol | [100] |
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PVA membrane | Hydrophilic polymeric/ceramic composite membrane | Acetic acid + n-butanol | [89] [87] [101] |
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PVA membrane cross-linked with catalyst Zr[SO4]2·4H2O | Polymeric composite catalytic membrane | Acetic acid + butanol | [20] |
|
PVA membrane [Amberlyst coated] | Polymeric/ceramic composite membrane | Acetic acid + butanol | [21] |
|
PVA membrane [cast on polyethersulfone] | Hydrophilic polymeric composite membrane | Oleic acid + methanol | [22] |
2,2,2,Trifluoroethanol + methacrylic acid | [23] |
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Zeolite membrane [aluminum rich zeolite beta incorporated sodium alginate] | Hydrophilic mixed matrix membrane | Acetic acid + ethanol | [26] |
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Zeolite T membrane | Hydrophilic membrane | Acetic acid + n-butanol | [102] |
Acetic acid + ethanol | [103] |
|
Zeolite NaA membrane | Hydrophilic membrane | Lactic acid + ethanol | [14] |
Propionic acid + isopropanol | [98] |
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Poly[ether block amide] membrane | Organophilic membrane | Acetic acid + n-butanol | [104] |
|
Poly[2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide] [PPO] and thin layer fluoroplastic | Hydrophobic composite membrane | Acetic acid + methanol | [105] |
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Tubular hydroxy sodalite [SOD] membrane | Hydrophilic membrane | Acetic acid + ethanol | [106] |
Acetic acid + butanol | [106] |
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HZSM-5 membrane | Hydrophilic catalytic active membrane | Acetic acid + ethanol | [107] |
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Poly[2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide] [PPO] and fullerene C60 | Hydrophobic composite membrane | Acetic acid + ethanol | [108] |
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