Randomized Clinical Trial of Surgical vs. Percutaneous vs. Hybrid Revascularization in Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Residual Myocardial Ischemia and Clinical Outcomes at One Year—Hybrid coronary REvascularization Versus Stenting or Surgery (HREVS)

Table 1

Baseline and procedural characteristics according to randomization arm.

Characteristic	CABG (n = 50)	HCR (n = 52)	PCI (n = 53)
Age (years)	61.3 ± 6.8	62.0 ± 7.4	61.7 ± 7.7	0.80
Male sex	70.0% (35)	75.0% (39)	69.8% (37)	0.90
Current smoking	50.0% (25)	46.1% (24)	47.2% (25)	0.92
Arterial hypertension	66.0% (33)	65.4% (34)	67.9% (36)	0.96
Diabetes mellitus	22.0% (11)	17.3% (9)	20.7% (11)	0.83
Chronic kidney disease	0% (0)	1.9% (1)	5.7% (3)	0.32
COPD/BA	4.0% (2)	7.7% (4)	11.3% (6)	0.43
Previous MI	56.0% (28)	51.9% (27)	58.5% (31)	0.79
Prior stroke	6% (3)	7.7% (4)	5.7% (3)	0.92
Peripheral vascular disease	24.0% (12)	30.8% (16)	30.2% (16)	0.70
LVEF (%)^§	54.0 ± 7.4	56.2 ± 6.3	53.3 ± 9.9	0.159
LVEF≤45%	12% (6)	5.8% (3)	20.8% (11)	0.070
EuroSCORE II^ǁ	1.70 ± 0.76	1.71 ± 0.72	1.70 ± 0.79	1.0
Affected vessels:
2	42.0% (21)	51.9% (27)	56.6% (30)
≥3	58.0% (29)	48.1% (25)	43.4% (23)	0.32
Affected vessels (mean)	2.7 ± 0.6	2.5 ± 0.6	2.5 ± 0.6	—
No. of index lesions
2	42.0% (21)	36.5% (19)	50.9% (27)
3	44.0% (22)	42.3% (22)	30.2% (16)
>3	14.0% (7)	21.2% (11)	18.9% (10)	0.35
No. of index lesions (mean)	2.7 ± 0.7	2.9 ± 0.8	2.7 ± 0.9	—
^¶SYNTAX score	19.3 ± 3.0	19.4 ± 3.0	19.5 ± 2.7	0.91
No. of grafts
1	0% (0)	90.4% (47)	—
2	46.0% (23)	5.8% (3)	—
≥3	54.0% (27)	3.8% (2)	—	NA
Arterial grafts	37.8% (50)	77.6% (52)	—	NA
Venous grafts	62.2% (82)	22.4% (15)	—	NA
No. of grafts (mean)			—	—
No. of stents
0	2.6 ± 0.7	1.1 ± 0.4
1	—	9.6% (5)	0
2	—	48.1% (25)	0
3 or more	—	32.7% (17)	51.9% (27)	NA
No. of stents (mean)	—	9.6% (5)	49.1% (26)	—
	—	1.5 ± 0.9	2.7 ± 0.9
Incomplete TLR (per patient)	8.0% (4)	7.7% (4)	5.7% (3)	0.86
Incomplete TLR (per total number target lesions in study group)	3.7% (5/136)	2.7% (4/149)	2.1% (3/146)	0.71

Values are means ± SD or percentages (counts). Data are shown as per randomization (intention-to-treat population). CABG: coronary-artery bypass grafting; HCR: hybrid coronary revascularization; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention. COPD/BA: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease/bronchial asthma. MI: myocardial infarction. ^§LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction. ^ǁEuroSCORE II: The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE); a clinical model for calculating the risk of death after cardiac surgery. ^¶SYNTAX score: Synergy between PCI with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score; an angiographic model for evaluating coronary artery disease extensiveness. TLR, target lesion revascularization, given per total number of lesions to be revascularized according to Heart Team recommendation.