Incidence, Predictors, and Outcome of Paravalvular Leak after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Table 2

Procedural and MSCT characteristics of patients based on the severity of PVL.

Procedural factors	All (n = 256)	≥mild PVL (n = 75)	<mild PVL (n = 181)	value
Annular maximum diameter (mm)	27.1 ± 3.14	27.67 ± 3.19	26.52 ± 3.10	0.01
Annular minimum diameter (mm)	21.3 ± 2.75	21.67 ± 2.71	20.85 ± 2.80	0.03
Annular mean diameter (mm)	24.2 ± 2.63	24.67 ± 2.66	23.69 ± 2.59	0.01
Annular area (mm^2)	462.7 ± 101.2	481.09 ± 103.24	444.38 ± 99.21	0.001
Annular ellipticity	21.17 ± 8.9	21.33 ± 8.46	21.02 ± 9.47	0.81
Diameter derived prosthesis mismatch (%)	12.8 ± 9.9	12.09 ± 10.46	13.62 ± 9.26	0.25
Prosthesis/mean annulus diameter ratio	1.13 ± 0.10	1.12 ± 0.10	1.14 ± 0.09	0.25
Calcification volume (mm^3)	798 ± 594.5	991.64 ± 709.94	604.37 ± 479.05	<0.001
Presence of predilatation		150 (82.9%)	66 (88%)	0.30
Area cover index	19.9 ± 14.6	18.66 ± 15.52	21.14 ± 13.66	0.21
Depth of implantation (mm)	6.8 ± 4.43	7.21 ± 4.47	6.40 ± 4.39	0.27
LVOT nontubularity	−5.3 ± 18.46	−7.15 ± 18.59	−3.46 ± 18.33	0.15
Second valve implantation	28 (10.9%)	7 (9.3%)	21 (11.6%)	0.59
Postdilatation	115 (44.9%)	45 (60%)	70 (38.7%)	0.002
Size of the prosthesis (mm)				0.23
23	46 (19.9%)	9 (12.0%)	37 (20.4%)
26	109 (42.6%)	30 (40%)	79 (43.6%)
29	74 (28.9%)	26 (34.7%)	48 (26.5%)
31/32	27 (10.5%)	10 (13.3%)	17 (9.9%)
Prosthesis type				0.054
Self-expandable	213 (83.2%)	69 (91.9%)	144 (79.6%)
Mechanically expandable	32 (12.5%)	4 (5.4%)	28 (15.5%)
Balloon expandable	11 (4.3%)	2 (2.7%)	9 (5.0%)
Type of native valve				0.61
Tricuspid	114 (44.5%)	31 (41.3%)	83 (45.9%)
Bicuspid type I	58 (22.6%)	16 (21.3%)	42 (23.2%)
Bicuspid type 0	84 (32.8%)	28 (37.3%)	56 (30.9%)

Data are presented as mean ± SD or percentages. LVOT: left ventricular outflow tract.