A Novel Methodology for Economical Scale-Up of TiO₂ Nanotubes Fabricated on Ti and Ti Alloys

Figure 3

(a) The design optimisation of Version A to Version B with 10x increase of specimens per anodisation; (b) spot weld of two pieces of platinum foil as the size of counter-electrode should be at least, if not larger than the overall area of the working electrode; (c) the specimen shape after cut using a precision cutting device; the tag can be folded into L shape for cell and tissue culture activity; (d) full configuration of the optimised anodisation device (Version B); (e) the schematic comparison of the two versions; note that the anodising surface on Version B was dramatically increased as compared with Version A.