Clinical Spectrum of Complications Induced by Intravesical Immunotherapy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for Bladder Cancer

Table 1

Incidence of complications induced by intravesical BCG immunotherapy for NMIBC [6, 8, 11–13, 17, 23, 26, 27, 34, 39, 52].

Genitourinary complications	Incidence (%)	Systemic complications	Incidence (%)
Cystitis	27-95	Fever (>38.5°C)	2.9
Bladder contracture	< 1	Mycotic Aneurysms	0.7-4.6
Bladder ulceration	1.5	Miliary pulmonary tuberculosis	0.4
Penile lesions	5.9	Granulomatous hepatitis	0.7-5.7
Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis	0.4	Reactive arthritis	0.5-5.7
Symptomatic prostatitis	10	Tuberculous Spondylitis	3.5
Ureteral obstruction	0.3	BCG sepsis	0.4
Kidney infections	0.3-3.5

Penile lesions consisted of nodules, papules, plaques, or ulcers, with or without inguinal lymph node enlargement.