Current and Emerging Targets in Immunotherapy for Osteosarcoma

Figure 1

Interactions between tumor cells and microenvironment. Antitumor immune system includes dendritic cells (DCs), CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and tumor-suppressing killer B cells. Tumor cells escape immune surveillance by expression of immune checkpoint proteins, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs).