Yersinia enterocolitica: Mode of Transmission, Molecular Insights of Virulence, and Pathogenesis of Infection

Table 1

Biotyping scheme of Y. enterocolitica (adapted from [33, 34]).

Test	Reaction of biotype
	1A	1B	2	3	4	5
Lipase (Tween hydrolysis)	+	+	−	−	−	−
Aesculin hydrolysis	V	−	−	−	−	−
Indole production	+	+	(+)	−	−	−
D-Xylose fermentation	+	+	+	+	−	v
Voges-Proskauer reaction	+	+	+	+	+	(+)
Trehalose fermentation	+	+	+	+	+	−
Nitrate reduction	+	+	+	+	+	−
Pyrazinamidase	+	−	−	−	−	−
B-D-Glucosidase	+	−	−	−	−	−
Proline peptidase	v	−	−	−	−	−

+, positive; (+), delayed positive; –, negative; v, variable reactions.