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Sensors | Category | Article | Year | Application name | Features |
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Cameras | Farming | [13] | 2014 | n/a | Pictures of leaves are taken, then processed, and sent to labs for further disease diagnosis |
Cameras | Farming | [14] | 2013 | n/a | Cameras function as soil color sensors |
Cameras | Farming | [15] | 2013 | iDee | Photographs of the River Dee are captured for water condition assessment |
Cameras | Farming | [15] | 2013 | SOCiT | Photograph of the soil of interest is captured for topsoil organic matter and carbon content prediction |
Cameras | Farming | [8, 16] | 2013 | n/a | Brightness is analyzed for estimating light radiation on plants |
Cameras | Farming | [8, 16] | 2013 | BaiKhaoNK | Pictures of rice leaves are taken to analyze chlorophyll contents |
Cameras | Farming | [8, 16] | 2013 | n/a | Pictures of fruits under white and UV-A light sources are taken to determine ripeness levels for green fruits |
Cameras | Farming | [9] | 2013 | PocketLAI | Images of leaf canopy are acquired to estimate Leaf Area Index (LAI), which in turn gives crop water requirements |
Cameras | Farming | [17] | 2012 | BaiKhao | Pictures of rice leaves are taken to analyze chlorophyll contents |
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Cameras | Farm management | [18] | 2014 | n/a | A short video of water flow is taken and then analyzed to estimate the water level, surface velocity, and discharge rate |
Cameras | Farm management | [19] | 2013 | MapIT | Images of object/area of interest are captured for geographic information collecting purpose |
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Cameras | Information systems | [20] | 2014 | VillageTree | Farmers take pictures of pest and send to the central server, where the images are processed to analyze types of pests |
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Cameras | Extension services | [21] | 2013 | Agricultural Advisory System (AAS) | Images of any infestation or potential problem are captured and sent to the operator’s dashboard in real-time using Pest and Disease Image Upload (PDIU) feature, because sometimes it is difficult to find words to describe the problems |
Cameras | Extension services | [22] | 2012 | m-Sahayak | Images and videos of the diseased plants are captured and sent to the central server for agricultural scientists to inspect and provide solution |
Cameras | Extension services | [23] | 2012 | GeoFoto | Images of land plots are taken by technical staffs and sent to the central office as a verification that the land has been visited |
Cameras | Extension services | [24] | 2011 | mKRISHI | Images and videos can be sent along with a farmer’s query to an expert to seek advice |
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GPS | Farming | [25] | 2013 | Magri | GPS locations are used to generate location-aware pest/disease alerts to farmers |
GPS | Farming | [15] | 2013 | SIFSS | Soil characteristics and information, such as pH, soil carbon, N, P, and K, are delivered based on users’ GPS locations in Scotland |
GPS | Farming | [15] | 2013 | iDee | Users can view location-based river conditions in the River Dee catchment based on their GPS positions |
GPS | Farming | [15] | 2013 | SOCiT | User’s locations are used to imply elevation, climate, and geology based on available digital maps and then to predict topsoil organic matter and carbon content |
GPS | Farming | [26] | 2011 | RaGPS | Based on GPS data, the application calculates the extraterrestrial solar radiation and other parameters related to solar position in real-time |
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GPS | Farm management | [27, 28] | 2013, 2014 | iFarm | The application sends location-aware task lists to farmers on the field |
GPS | Farm management | [29] | 2013 | n/a | Working patterns of farmers and frequency of visiting certain plot of the farm can be inferred based on GPS locations in the field |
GPS | Farm management | [30] | 2013 | SafeDriving | GPS coordinates of tractor rollover accidents are reported |
GPS | Farm management | [19] | 2013 | MapIT | Images of object/area of interest are mapped for geographic information collecting purpose |
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GPS | Information systems | [31] | 2014 | n/a | Location of the user is sent to the central server, which sends only the relevant information about that location back to the user |
GPS | Information systems | [20] | 2014 | VillageTree | Application user can report pest outbreak with the device location. The information is processed and a prediction is sent to users whose location might be invaded by the pest |
GPS | Information systems | [32] | 2010 | SMILEX | Field worker’s fire blight report from the field is coupled with the location data, so the incident report can be shown on the map for better fire blight management |
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GPS | Extension services | [21] | 2013 | Agricultural Advisory System (AAS) | Field workers use GPS data to record farm locations when registering farmers. Spatial data (farm plots with water bodies, drainage and irrigation channels) are included in the farmer’s record |
GPS | Extension services | [23] | 2012 | GeoFoto | GPS data is used to verify that the correct land is visited |
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Microphone | Farm management | [29] | 2013 | n/a | The application determines usage of different agricultural machines (e.g., tractor and chopper) by sound data |
Microphone | Farm management | [19] | 2013 | MapIT | Microphone is used to annotate images of object/area of interest via speech recognition for geographic information collecting purpose |
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Microphone | Extension services | [22] | 2012 | m-Sahayak | Farmers can use the microphone to record their voiced questions to send to agricultural scientists |
Microphone | Extension services | [24] | 2011 | mKRISHI | Audio queries can be recorded and sent to experts |
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Accelerometer | Farming | [9] | 2013 | PocketLAI | The application obtains the angles of smartphones as the devices are rotating in order to estimate LAI when the gap fraction is precisely measured at 57.5°, a directional view angle that has been shown in the agricultural research to allow the estimation of LAI to be free from leaf angle distribution and leaf degree clumping |
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Accelerometer | Farm management | [29] | 2013 | n/a | Accelerometer is used to detect various body movements in order to identify farm workers’ activities |
Accelerometer | Farm management | [30] | 2013 | SafeDriving | Accelerometer is used to obtain a roll angle and pitch angle of the tractor in order to detect a rollover event |
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Gyroscope | Farm management | [30] | 2013 | SafeDriving | Gyroscope is used to obtain a roll angle and pitch angle of the tractor in order to detect a rollover event |
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Inertial sensorsa | Farm management | [19] | 2013 | MapIT | Based on the data from inertial sensors, the distance of the object from the camera, and GPS location, the coordinates in the photo are projected to real-world coordinates, yielding a geo-object of exact original geometry |
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