Research Article
Prognostic Significance of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study
Table 1
Baseline clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study subjects.
| | Characteristics | Patient group | | All patients | Survivors | Nonsurvivors | value |
| | Demographics and underlying conditions | | | | | | Number of patients | 333 | 253 | 80 | — | | Males, number (%) | 188 (56.46%) | 137 (54.15%) | 51 (63.75%) | 0.131 | | Age (years) | 70.26 ± 15.79 | 67.82 ± 16.59 | 77.98 ± 9.49 | 0.000 | | COPD, number (%) | 38 (11.41%) | 23 (9.09%) | 15 (18.75%) | 0.017 | | Hypertension, number (%) | 157 (47.15%) | 115 (45.45%) | 42 (52.50%) | 0.271 | | CHD, number (%) | 84 (25.23%) | 55 (21.74%) | 29 (36.25%) | 0.008 | | Diabetes mellitus, number (%) | 105 (31.53%) | 80 (31.62%) | 25 (31.25%) | 0.950 | | Disease severity, number (%) | | | | 0.008 | | Sepsis | 137 (41.14%) | 117 (46.25%) | 20 (25.00%) | — | | Severe sepsis | 149 (44.74%) | 107 (42.29%) | 42 (52.50%) | — | | Septic shock | 47 (14.11%) | 29 (11.46%) | 18 (22.50%) | — | | Baseline parameters | | | | | | APACHE II score | 11 (6–19) | 9 (6–14.5) | 20 (14–29) | 0.000 | | WBC count (109/L) | 16.07 ± 6.63 | 15.35 ± 6.11 | 18.40 ± 7.67 | 0.000 | | Neutrophil (109/L) | 13.00 (9.80–17.55) | 12.30 (9.53–16.76) | 16.35 (11.16–20.14) | 0.001 | | Lymphocyte (109/L) | 0.77 (0.51–1.30) | 0.84 (0.54–1.40) | 0.61 (0.35–0.87) | 0.002 | | NLR | 17.85 (9.61–28.19) | 15.03 (8.94–24.67) | 25.49 (16.64–47.15) | 0.000 | | Platelet (109/L) | 191.24 ± 68.57 | 188.53 ± 61.15 | 199.96 ± 79.88 | 0.475 | | RBC count (109/L) | 4.10 ± 0.83 | 4.21 ± 0.79 | 3.74 ± 0.84 | 0.534 | | Hematocrit (%) | 36.58 ± 6.59 | 37.34 ± 6.12 | 34.13 ± 7.43 | 0.066 | | RDW (%) | 13.69 ± 1.87 | 13.40 ± 1.36 | 14.60 ± 2.79 | 0.000 | | Hemoglobin (g/L) | 123.11 ± 22.99 | 126.35 ± 21.69 | 112.75 ± 24.13 | 0.290 | | PCT (ng/mL) | 18.54 ± 7.28 | 17.89 ± 7.47 | 20.60 ± 7.13 | 0.521 | | CRP (mg/L) | 100.05 ± 46.10 | 97.45 ± 47.43 | 108.26 ± 45.70 | 0.140 | | BNP (ng/mL) | 173.0 (87.5–401.5) | 160.0 (79.5–327.0) | 181.0 (92.0–505.0) | 0.020 | | Myoglobin (ng/mL) | 83.8 (31.6–309.6) | 71.4 (29.3–256.6) | 153.0 (48.1–671.1) | 0.011 | | CK-MB (ng/mL) | 2.7 (1.4–6.0) | 2.5 (1.2–5.0) | 3.2 (2.1–9.0) | 0.348 | | Troponin T (ng/mL) | 0.03 (0.01–0.10) | 0.02 (0.01–0.07) | 0.08 (0.02–0.34) | 0.009 | | BUN (mmol/L) | 7.65 (5.13–11.70) | 6.80 (4.64–10.30) | 10.93 (7.70–19.20) | 0.076 | | Scr (μmol/L) | 121.54 ± 50.63 | 109.45 ± 46.85 | 160.26 ± 67.97 | 0.004 | | Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.92 (0.00–1.51) | 0.79 (0.00–1.32) | 1.69 (1.02–2.74) | 0.002 | | ALT (U/L) | 29.0 (19.0–49.8) | 28.0 (18.0–56.0) | 30.0 (19.0–48.5) | 0.075 | | AST (U/L) | 36.0 (25.0–67.0) | 35.0 (25.0–61.0) | 46.0 (23.0–76.0) | 0.056 | | Bilirubin (mg/dL) | 22.61 ± 11.43 | 22.11 ± 10.92 | 24.19 ± 13.07 | 0.453 | | Albumin (g/L) | 33.25 ± 6.04 | 34.25 ± 5.60 | 30.04 ± 6.32 | 0.000 | | FBG (mmol/L) | 8.37 ± 5.08 | 8.40 ± 4.86 | 8.26 ± 5.12 | 0.830 | | Lactic acid (mmol/L) | 2.0 (1.2–2.8) | 1.8 (1.0–2.4) | 2.3 (1.6–3.4) | 0.002 | | Inflammatory cytokine | | | | | | IL-1B (pg/mL) | 5.00 (5.00–5.12) | 5.00 (5.00–5.00) | 5.00 (5.00–6.04) | 0.533 | | IL-2 receptor (U/mL) | 1222 (801–1921) | 1142 (764–1711) | 1574 (1070–3379) | 0.000 | | IL-6 (pg/mL) | 27.9 (14.0–68.4) | 26.1 (12.3–58.3) | 49.8 (20.0–133.0) | 0.052 | | IL-8 (pg/mL) | 53.9 (21.3–153.5) | 44.7 (18.7–139.0) | 106.5 (35.1–242.8) | 0.289 | | IL-10 (pg/mL) | 5.9 (5.0–12.6) | 5.7 (5.0–8.9) | 9.0 (5.0–26.7) | 0.099 | | TNF-α (pg/mL) | 22.6 (15.9–34.4) | 22.2 (15.6–33.7) | 26.8 (16.6–41.2) | 0.066 | | CD64 | 3.6 (1.6–6.2) | 2.9 (1.5–5.8) | 3.9 (1.7–6.3) | 0.034 | | Site of infection, number (%) | | | | 0.602 | | Lung | 184 (55.26%) | 135 (53.36%) | 49 (61.25%) | — | | Abdomen | 70 (21.02%) | 56 (22.13%) | 14 (17.50%) | — | | Urinary tract | 55 (16.52%) | 44 (17.39%) | 11 (13.75%) | — | | Other | 24 (7.21%) | 18 (7.11%) | 6 (7.50%) | — | | Intervention, number (%) | | | | | | Mechanical ventilation | 42 (12.61%) | 17 (6.72%) | 25 (31.25%) | 0.000 | | Renal-replacement therapy | 24 (7.21%) | 10 (3.95%) | 14 (17.50%) | 0.000 | | Length of stay | | | | | | In the ICU (days) | 4.5 (2–9) | 4 (1–8) | 6 (2–12) | 0.041 | | In the hospital (days) | 10 (7–14) | 9 (7–13) | 11 (7–16) | 0.468 |
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COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder; CHD: coronary heart disease; APACHE II: Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; WBC: white blood cell; NLR: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; RBC: red blood cell; RDW: red blood cell distribution width; PCT: procalcitonin; CRP: C-reactive protein; BNP: brain natriuretic peptide; CK-MB: creatine kinase-MB; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; Scr: serum creatinine; ALT: alanine transaminase; AST: aspartate transaminase; FBG: fasting blood glucose; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-α.
Data are expressed as number (%), mean (standard deviation, SD), or median (interquartile range, IQR) as appropriate.
Significant differences are marked by () or ().
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