Minimally Invasive Surgery

Review Article

The Supraorbital Keyhole Craniotomy through an Eyebrow Incision: Its Origins and Evolution

Table 1

Case series of keyhole supraorbital subfrontal approaches through an eyebrow incision.
PublicationYearPatientsTumorsAneurysmsOtherSupraorbital hypesthesiaFrontalis palsyHyposmiaWound infectionCSF leakHematomaPerioperative mortalityDiabetes insipidusOther
Jho [10]1997111100110NR00NR02Vision worsened ( )
Paladino et al. [14]19983704004 (all recovered)NRNR1NRNR0NRAneurysm rupture ( )
Van Lindert et al. [21]199813901970000000NRNRAneurysm rupture ( )
Sánchez-Vázquez et al. [19]199941346141 (all recovered)41 (all recovered)21 (2 permanent)0000NR 
Czirják and Szeifert [6]20011555210212122NRNR5NRAneurysm rupture ( ), PE ( )
Dare et al. [7]200110010010 (all recovered)10 (all recovered)NR10000Wound edema
Ko et al. [11]200173404NRNRNRNRNRNRNRPeriorbital edema ( )
Shanno et al. [15]20017261011NRNRNR5510NRTension pneumocephalus, asp pna, infarct, ICA injury, and corneal abrasion. Lateral rectus palsy (all )
Steiger et al. [16]2001330330NR2NR1NRNR0NRDiplopia ( ) resolved
Czirják et al. [29]20023607400000001NR2 intraoperative ruptures
Fernandes et al. [35]2002161024NRNR11100NR 
Ramos-Zúñiga et al. [17]2002200200NR20 (all recovered)NRNRNR10NRBlindness ( ), infarct ( )
Wiedemayer et al. [23]2004970211NR0000NR 
Zhang et al. [39] 2004545202NRNRNRNR1NR0NR 
Jallo et al. [9]2005282404NRNRNR1000NRDecreased vision ( )
Melamed et al. [12]20052515010NRNRNR11001Blindness ( )
Mitchell et al. [13]20054704701NRNR0NR41NRAneurysm rupture ( ), infarct ( )
Reisch and Perneczky [2]20054501992292234252761241NR 
Lupret et al. [25]200630030010NRNR1NRNR2NRAneurysm rupture ( ), mucocele ( )
Zheng et al. [22]20073535000000NR0011
Brydon et al. [28]2008500500NRNRNR1113NRNew neurological deficit ( )
Fatemi et al. [8]200913130002 (both recovered)NR00000Vision worse ( )
Romani et al. [34]20096666000064610NR4 cotton granulomas
Chen and Tzaan [1]2010215133NRNRNRNRNRNR2NRHydrocephalus ( ), infarct ( )
Telera et al. [20] 2012202000NRNR6011114 with worse vision
Abdel Aziz et al. [26]2011408311NRNRNR2110NRTranspalpebral approach, 1 ischemic infarct
Fischer et al. [27]2011793098900009914NR independent of other approachesNR26 reoperations for inadequate clipping (19 clipping, 7 coiling), 61 intraoperative ruptures
McLaughlin et al. [31]2011111100NRNRNR010001 carotid artery injury, 1 bilateral caudate infarcts
Park et al. [40] 2011130130NR0NR0000NRAll unruptured PCoA aneurysms with CN III palsy, all resolved
Romani, et al. [32]2011737300NRNR113232New postop. neurological deficits ( )
Chalouhi et al. [41] 2013470470NRNRNR1010NR5 intraoperative ruptures, 4 ischemic infarcts
Romani et al. [33]2012525200NRNR003004New postop. neurological deficits ( )
Ivan and Lawton [42]2013200200000000Both cavernous malformations
Kang et al. [43]20134040NRNRNRNRNRNRNRNR 
Ditzel Filho et al. [44] 201310901NRNRNR0002NRDeaths: 1 pulmonary embolus, 1 systemic disease
Park et al. [45] 2013520520NR26 (all recovered)NRNRNRNRNRNR 
Totals 25227601993646357433845312121 
Percent of reported (number) 100%30.5%79.0%2.6%2.8% (53/1881)3.0% (57/1878)2.3% (43/1878)1.6% (38/2364)2.2% (45/2081)1.5% (31/2118)1.4% (21/1527)8.3% (21/252)