Comparison of Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise, Volume and Flow Incentive Spirometry, on Diaphragm Excursion and Pulmonary Function in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 3
Comparison of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) before and after the laparoscopic abdominal surgery in the intervention groups and control group.
Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) (liters (L))
Preoperative (mean ± SD)
Postoperative 1st day (mean ± SD)
Postoperative 2nd day (mean ± SD)
Preoperative versus postoperative 1st day (mean difference)
Postoperative 1st day versus postoperative 2nd day (mean difference)
Preoperative versus postoperative 2nd day (mean difference)