Research Article
Optimized Sizing, Selection, and Economic Analysis of Battery Energy Storage for Grid-Connected Wind-PV Hybrid System
Table 2
Properties of batteries [
8,
24,
25].
| Technology | Capital cost in $/kWh | Discharge time | Energy rating (MWh) | Specific energy (Wh/kg) | Cycling capability, @ % DoD | Life (yrs) | Energy (%) | Self-discharge (%) | Operating temperature in °C |
| Pb-acid | 50–150 | Sec.-hrs | 0.001–40 | 35–50 | 500–2000 @ 70 | 5–15 | 70–80 | <0.2 | −5 to 40 | Na-S | 200–600 | Sec.-hrs | 0.4–244.8 | 100–175 | 2500 @ 100 | 10–20 | 75–89 | No | 325 | Ni-Cd | 400–2400 | Sec.-hrs | 6.75 | 30–80 | 3500 @ 100 | 10–20 | 70 | 0.2–0.3 | −40 to 50 | Li-ion | 900–1300 | Sec.-hrs | 0.001–50 | 100–200 | 1500–3500 @ 80 | 14–16 | 75–95 | 1–5 | −30 to 60 | VRB | 600 | Sec.-10 hrs | 2–120 | 30–50 | 100–13000 @ 75 | 10–20 | 65–85 | Very low | 0 to 40 | ZBB | 500 | Sec.-10 hrs | 0.1–4 | 60–85 | 2000–2500 | 8–10 | 65–85 | No | 0 to 40 | PSB | 300–1000 | Sec.-10 hrs | 0.005–120 | >400 | 100–13000 @ 75 | 15 | 60–75 | No | 0 to 40 |
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