Premature Calcifications of Costal Cartilages: A New Perspective

Table 2

Conditions that may lead to premature calcifications of costal cartilages.

Clinical disorder	Presumed pathogenesis	References
Adolescent hyperthyroidism	Advanced bone maturation by toxic hormone doses	[1, 5, 6]
Exposure to corticoids	Complex findings in vitro; extensive research in earlier decades; direct influence on cartilage matrix	[7, 16, 17, 19]
Adrenogenital syndrome	Unknown	[8, 9]
Keutel syndrome	Autosomal recessive disorder with several anomalies; frequent consanguinity, description, 1971	[10, 11]
	Mutations in the matrix Gla protein gene (MGP) that acts as a calcification inhibitor (for details see [24])	[24]
Porphyria	Unknown	This paper
Systemic conditions as chronic renal failure or autoimmune disorders	Unknown	[1]