Cytotoxicity of Etch-and-Rinse, Self-Etch, and Universal Dental Adhesive Systems in Fibroblast Cell Line 3T3

Figure 2

Cell morphology in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of 3T3 fibroblast cells. (a) Positive control group, large numbers of 3T3 fibroblasts with fusiform morphology, ×1000; (b) positive control group, spindle-shaped appearance with some cytoplasmic processes originating from membranes covering the glass substrate surface, ×500; (c) SB, large numbers of fibroblasts with normal morphology, ×1000; (d) SB, fusiform cells, uninucleation, and long and thin cytoplasmic membrane processes, ×500; (e) AM, altered morphology, rounded shapes, and small sizes, ×1000; (f) AM, cytoplasmic membranes and debris from dead cells, ×500; (g) MP, severe cytotoxic effects, ×1000; (h) MP, reduced numbers of cells, membrane rupture, and apoptosis, ×500.

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