Alkaline Phosphatase in Stem Cells

Figure 2

Retinoic acid increased AP activity (a) and mRNA expression of TNAP ((b) qRT-PCR) in mouse ES cells. On the other hand, retinoic acid downregulated the expression of pluripotent markers Oct-4 (c) and Nanog (d) in the same manner as the spontaneous differentiation of ES cells through leukemia inhibitory factor withdrawal [75]. (ES: mouse embryonic stem cells; dES: spontaneously differentiating ES cells for two days; raES: retinoic acid-treated (0.2 μM) ES cells for two days). Details of the presented assay are as in Figure 1. Error bars indicate SD (, ; , ANOVA post hoc Bonferroni’s Multiple Comparison Test).

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