Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions in the Regeneration of Multiple Tissues

Table 2

Summary of in vivo application of ADSCs in experimental disease animals.

	Application	ADSC source	Administration route	Animal model	Results
Arrigoni et al. [58]	Bone	Rabbit	Surgical implantation	Rabbit	Bone formation with the ADSC was demonstrated by a significant increase in bone content
Chen et al. [48]	Bone	Human	Surgical implantation	Mice	Overexpression of miR-375 significantly enhanced ADSC osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo
Li et al. [84]	Cartilage	Human	(i) Injection; (ii) Surgical implantation	Rat	ADSCs showed a better inflammation-modulating property
				Rabbit	ADSCs with scaffold promoted cartilage regeneration in the long term
Cho et al. [49]	Cartilage	—	Surgical implantation	Rabbit	The quality of regenerative cartilage significantly improved in the ADSC group
Huurne et al. [101]	Cartilage	Mouse	Injection	Mice	The ADSC-based treatment could inhibit synovial thickening, the formation of enthesophytes associated with ligaments, and cartilage destruction
Yin et al. [107]	Cartilage	Rabbit	Surgical implantation	Rabbit	ADSCs containing the TGF immobilized scaffold better-promoted cartilage regeneration in defective articular cartilage
Hu et al. [113]	Nerve	Rat	Surgical implantation	Rat	Improved nerve regenerative ability for ADSC group compared to control
Kingham et al. [114]	Nerve	Human	Surgical implantation	Rat	Both ADSCs and stimulated-ADSCs could promote axon regeneration
Li et al. [116]	Nerve	Rat	Injection	Rat	ADSCs alleviated neurological deficits and reduced brain water content in rats
Durco et al. [132]	Nerve	Human	Surgical implantation	Mice	The number of nerve fibers and motor plates was higher in the ADSC group
Nagata et al. [134]	Myocardium	Mice	Transfusion	Mice	The transfusion of ADSCs exhibited the highest cardiac functional recovery and the high frequency of the recruitment to ischemic myocardium
Bobi et al. [140]	Myocardium	Pig	Injection	Pig	Myocardial perfusion at the anterior infarct border increased in ADSC-treated animals
Mori et al. [141]	Myocardium	Human	Surgical implantation	Porcine	Left ventricular remodeling attenuated and vascular density increased in the infarct border area in the ADSC group
Qiao et al. [145]	Myocardium	Rat	Injection	Rat	ADSC and dECM groups could increase angiogenesis, reduce the degree of fibrosis, and decrease infarct size
Ge et al. [151]	Liver	Pig	Injection	Pig	AST, ALT, T-BIL, and LDH were significantly decreased in ADSC treatment
Jiao et al. [152]	Liver	Pig	Injection	Pig	ADSC transplantation ameliorated the IRI-induced histopathological damage
Zhang et al. [153]	Liver	Pig	Injection	Pig	ADSC group promoted liver function recovery, reduced oxidative stress, and promoted liver regeneration
Yan et al. [154]	Liver	Canine	Injection	Canine	AST and ALT were rapidly decreased in ADSC treatment
Nishiwaki et al. [162]	Skin	Mice	Surgical implantation	Mice	ADSCs contributed to wound healing in a dorsal skin defect model in diabetic mice
Xiong et al. [165]	Skin	Human	Injection	Mice	ADSCs significantly accelerated the healing of skin wounds by promoting cell proliferation
Chou et al. [169]	Skin	Rat	Injection	Rat	The wound treated with ADM-ADSCs showed a significantly higher wound healing rate than other groups
Yu et al. [172]	Skin	Human	Surgical implantation	Mice	The neoskin formed in the presence of ADSC exhibited a thickness comparable to normal skin and possessed a highly organized collagen structure
Nakamura et al. [180]	Trachea	Rat	Surgical implantation	Rat	The mucociliary transport function was improved by ADSC transplantation
Jin et al. [181]	Bladder	Rat	Surgical implantation	Rat	The rat bladder repair effect was better in the ADSC group