Adipose-Derived Stem Cells: Current Applications and Future Directions in the Regeneration of Multiple Tissues

Table 3

Summary of clinical studies on treatments with ADSCs.

	Study type	Application	Cell source	Administration route	Patients	Follow-up time (month)	Results
Lendeckel et al. [75]	Case	Bone	Human	Implantation	1	3	The CT scans showed new bone formation and near-complete calvarial continuity
Sándor et al. [76]	Case	Bone	Human	Implantation	13	12-52	Successful integration of the surrounding skeleton; the construct was noted in 10 of the 13 cases
Thesleff et al. [77]	Case	Bone	Human	Implantation	5	79.2	The clinical results are not superior to results achieved by conventional cranial repair methods
Vériter et al. [78]	Case	Bone	Human	Implantation	17	1-54	ADSC therapy is safe and feasible for clinical indications
Spasovski et al. [99]	Case	Cartilage	Human	Injection	9	18	MOCART score showed significant cartilage restoration
Song et al. [100]	Comparative	Cartilage	Human	Injection	18	24	The high-dose group of ADSCs exhibited the highest improvement
Pak et al. [102]	Case	Cartilage	Human	Injection	91	30	VAS improved 50–60%; No major complications
Koh et al. [103]	Case	Cartilage	Human	Injection	44	24	94% patients excellent or good satisfaction; 76% abnormal repair
Bydon et al. [123]	Case	Nerve	Human	Injection	1	18	The subjective and objective measures showed different degrees of improvement
Konstanty-Kalandyk et al. [136]	Case	Myocardium	Human	Injection	15	1	No major complications
Houtgraaf et al. [148]	Comparative	Myocardium	Human	Injection	10	6	ADSC infusion could improve cardiac function and perfusion defects, accompanied by a 50% reduction in myocardial scar formation
Huang et al. [160]	Case	Liver	Human	Injection	6	6	The METAVIR score, Child-Pugh score, and MELD score showed positive results
Gotze et al. [161]	Case	Liver	Human	Injection	3	1-2	The reduction of liver stiffness and increase of ^13C methacetin breath test outcome were observed
Jo et al. [176]	Case	Liver	Human	Injection	4	—	In these cases, they observed rapid coverage of the wound with the patient’s regenerated tissue