Review Article
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Its Role in Disease and Novel Prospects for Therapy
Table 3
Representative compounds with potency to trigger and aggravate ER stress.
| Compound | Mechanism linking to induction of ER stress | References |
| Thapsigargin, celecoxib, DMC | (i) Inhibition of SERCA activity (ii) Ensuing calcium imbalance | [209, 246, 250, 368, 369] |
| A-23187, ionomycin | (i) Calcium ionophores: stimulation of Ca2+ flux (ii) Ensuing calcium imbalance | [208, 370, 371] |
| Tunicamycin | (i) Glycosylation inhibitor (ii) Ensuing obstruction of protein folding | [372, 373] |
| 2-Deoxyglucose | (i) Hexokinase/glycolysis inhibitor (ii) Ensuing obstruction of protein folding | [208, 374, 375] |
| 2-Mercaptoethanol, Dithiothreitol | (i) Reducing agents (ii) Disruption of disulphide bonds | [376, 377] |
| Geldanamycin | (i) HSP90 and GRP94 inhibitor (ii) Ensuing impairment of protein folding | [378, 379] |
| Brefeldin A | (i) ADP-ribosylation factor inhibitor (ii) Impairment of protein trafficking | [380, 381] |
| Bortezomib, Nelfinavir | (i) Protease and proteasome inhibitors (ii) Ensuing accumulation of terminally misfolded proteins | [217, 219, 230, 233, 382ā384] |
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