Energy-Efficient Unequal Chain Length Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities

Figure 9

Suboptimal multihop routing: (a) message propagation, (b) the distance from the cluster head (CH) to the base station smaller than the threshold distance, (c) suboptimal routes selection, and (d) and (e) random selection for the relaying route.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)