Multimessengers from Core-Collapse Supernovae: Multidimensionality as a Key to Bridge Theory and Observation

Figure 20

Four snapshots representing the temporal evolution of MRI from the linear to the nonlinear phase. Panels (a), (b), (c) and (d) correspond to the time slice 𝑡=3𝑡_rot, 4𝑡_rot, 6𝑡_rot, and 20𝑡_rot respectively. The color bar indicates the size of the toroidal magnetic field normalized by the strength of the initial vertical magnetic field (𝐵₀=1.4×10¹² G). Note that the vertical and horizontal are normalized by the typical spatial scale of the local portion in the protoneutron stars which is selected as 𝐿=1km in the fiducial run. Three typical evolutionary stages are observed, (i) exponential growth stage, (ii) transition stage, and (iii) nonlinear turbulent stage (compare with Figure 19).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)