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Abstract and Applied Analysis
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Abstract and Applied Analysis
/
2012
/
Article
/
Tab 4
/
Research Article
Application of Reproducing Kernel Method for Solving Nonlinear Fredholm-Volterra Integrodifferential Equations
Table 4
Numerical results for Example
5.2
.
𝑥
Exact solution
Approximate solution
Absolute error
Relative error
0
.
0
1
1
0
0
0
.
1
1
.
1
0
5
1
7
0
9
1
8
0
7
5
6
4
8
1
.
1
0
5
1
7
1
5
7
5
5
8
7
1
3
2
6
.
5
7
5
1
1
×
1
0
−
7
5
.
9
4
9
4
1
×
1
0
−
7
0
.
2
1
.
2
2
1
4
0
2
7
5
8
1
6
0
1
7
0
1
.
2
2
1
4
0
4
2
7
3
3
0
2
2
0
8
1
.
5
1
5
1
4
×
1
0
−
6
1
.
2
4
0
4
9
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
3
1
.
3
4
9
8
5
8
8
0
7
5
7
6
0
0
3
1
.
3
4
9
8
6
1
3
8
5
8
9
5
1
2
2
2
.
5
7
8
3
2
×
1
0
−
6
1
.
9
1
0
0
7
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
4
1
.
4
9
1
8
2
4
6
9
7
6
4
1
2
7
0
1
.
4
9
1
8
2
8
5
4
9
2
4
8
9
1
4
3
.
8
5
1
6
1
×
1
0
−
6
2
.
5
8
1
8
1
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
5
1
.
6
4
8
7
2
1
2
7
0
7
0
0
1
2
8
1
.
6
4
8
7
2
6
6
1
3
2
3
8
6
8
2
5
.
3
4
2
5
4
×
1
0
−
6
3
.
2
4
0
4
1
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
6
1
.
8
2
2
1
1
8
8
0
0
3
9
0
5
0
9
1
.
8
2
2
1
2
5
8
6
6
8
6
8
7
8
2
7
.
0
6
6
4
8
×
1
0
−
6
3
.
8
7
8
1
7
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
7
2
.
0
1
3
7
5
2
7
0
7
4
7
0
4
7
6
2
.
0
1
3
7
6
1
7
6
0
0
9
3
7
9
2
9
.
0
5
2
6
2
×
1
0
−
6
4
.
4
9
5
4
0
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
8
2
.
2
2
5
5
4
0
9
2
8
4
9
2
4
6
7
2
.
2
2
5
5
5
2
2
7
9
8
8
6
2
3
7
1
.
1
3
5
1
4
×
1
0
−
5
5
.
1
0
0
5
1
×
1
0
−
6
0
.
9
2
.
4
5
9
6
0
3
1
1
1
1
5
6
9
4
9
2
.
4
5
9
6
1
7
1
5
4
9
7
7
7
5
1
1
.
4
0
4
3
8
×
1
0
−
5
5
.
7
0
9
7
9
×
1
0
−
6
1
.
0
2
.
7
1
8
2
8
1
8
2
8
4
5
9
0
4
5
2
.
7
1
8
2
9
9
0
8
2
4
8
1
1
9
6
1
.
7
2
5
4
0
×
1
0
−
5
6
.
3
4
7
4
0
×
1
0
−
6
