Pattern Formation in Predator-Prey Model with Delay and Cross Diffusion

Figure 3

Chaotic patterns of 𝑢 in model (4) with parameters 𝑎=0.01, 𝑏=0.22, 𝑐=0.4, 𝑟=1.54, 𝑚=0.17, 𝑑₁₁=0.2, 𝑑₁₂=0.05, 𝑑₂₁=0.44, 𝑑₂₂=0.88, and  𝜏=0.46. Times: (a) 𝑡=0, (b) 𝑡=100, (c) 𝑡=1000, (d) 𝑡=2000, (e) time-series plots, and (f) phase portraits.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)