Determining the Lyapunov Spectrum of Continuous-Time 1D and 2D Multiscroll Chaotic Oscillators via the Solution of 𝑚-PWL Variational Equations

Figure 3

Chua’s oscillator case: (a) Lyapunov spectrum (LE₁=0.2307, LE₂=0.0031, and LE₃=−5.3050) and (b) error of LEs.

(a)

(b)