Determining the Lyapunov Spectrum of Continuous-Time 1D and 2D Multiscroll Chaotic Oscillators via the Solution of 𝑚-PWL Variational Equations

Figure 7

(a) Lyapunov spectrum (LE₁=0.1749, LE₂=0.0101, LE₃=−0.7598) for 2D 4-scroll chaotic oscillator of Figure 4(b), (b) error of LEs.

(a)

(b)