0-1 Test for Chaos in a Fractional Order Financial System with Investment Incentive

Figure 8

Phase portraits of system (3) for 𝑞₁=0.98, 𝑞₂=0.89, 𝑞₃=0.97, 𝑞₄=0.78, 𝑎=3, 𝑏=0.3, 𝑐=0.8, and 𝑑=0.1.

(a) 𝑥-𝑦-𝑧 space 

(b) 𝑥-𝑦-𝑢 space