Abstract
We study the existence and approximation of a solution for a system of hierarchical variational inclusion problems in Hilbert spaces. In this study, we use Maingé’s approach for finding the solutions of the system of hierarchical variational inclusion problems. Our result in this paper improves and generalizes some known corresponding results in the literature.
1. Introduction
Let be a real Hilbert space with inner product and norm being and , respectively, and let be a nonempty closed convex subset of . A mapping is called nonexpansive if We use to denote the set of fixed points of ; that is, . It is well known that is a closed convex set, if is nonexpansive mappings.
A variational inclusion problem [1–3] is the problem of finding a point such that where is a single-valued nonlinear mapping and is a multivalued mapping. We use to denote the set of solutions of the variational inclusion (2).
On the other hand, a hierarchical fixed point problem [4–11] is the problem of finding a point such that If the set is replaced by the solution set of the variational inequality, then the hierarchical fixed point problems are called hierarchical variational inequality problems or hierarchical optimization problems. Many problems in mathematics, for example, the signal recovery [12], the power control problem [13], and the beamforming problem [14], can be considered in the framework of this kind of the hierarchical variational inequality problems.
Recently, Chang et al. [15] introduced bilevel hierarchical variational inclusion problems; that is, find such that, for given positive real numbers and , the following inequalities hold: where are mappings, are multivalued mappings, and is the set of solutions to variational inclusion problem (2) with , for . They solved the convex programming problems and quadratic minimization problems by using Maingés scheme.
In this paper, we consider the following system of hierarchical variational inclusion problem: find , such that, for given positive real numbers , and , the following inequalities hold: Some special cases of the system of hierarchical variational inclusion problem (5) are as follows. (I)If , , where is a nonlinear mapping for each , in (5), then and the system of hierarchical variational inclusion problem (5) reduces to the following system of hierarchical optimization problem: find , such that which was studied by Li [16].(II)If for each , where is the metric projection from onto a nonempty closed convex subset in (6), then it is clear that the and the system of hierarchical optimization problem (6) reduces to the following system of optimization problem: find such that (III)If , then the system of optimization problem (7) reduces to the following system of variational inequality problem: find such that (IV)If , , and in (5) then the system of hierarchical variational inclusion problem (5) reduces to the following bilevel hierarchical variational inclusion problem: find such that which was studied by Chang et al. [15].(V)In (9), if , , for each , then bilevel hierarchical variational inclusion problem (9) reduces to the following bilevel hierarchical optimization problem: find such that which was studied by Maingé [17] and Kraikaew and Saejung [18].(VI)In (10), if for each , then bilevel hierarchical optimization problem (10) reduces to the following problem [19–21]: find such that (VII)In (11), if then the problem (11) reduces to the following problem: find such that (VIII)In (5), if , , , and then the system of hierarchical variational inclusion problem (5) reduces to the following hierarchical variational inclusion problem: find such that (IX)In (13), if , then the hierarchical variational inclusion problem (13) reduces to the following hierarchical fixed point problem: find such that (X)In (15), if then the hierarchical fixed point problem (15) reduces to the following classic variational inequality problem: find such that
Motivated and inspired by Chang et al. [15], we introduce the system of a hierarchical variational inclusion problem (5) and investigate a more general variant of the scheme proposed by Chang et al. [15] to solve the system of a hierarchical variational inclusion problem. Our analysis and method allow us to prove the existence and approximation of solutions to the system of a hierarchical variational inclusion problem (5). The results presented in this paper extend and improve the results of Chang et al. [15], Maingé [17], Kraikaew and Saejung [18], and some authors.
2. Preliminaries
This section collects some definitions and lemmas which can be used in the proofs for the main results in the next section. Some of them are known; others are not hard to derive. We use for strong convergence and for weak convergence.
Definition 1. Let be a mapping and let be a multivalued mapping. (1)A mapping is called nonexpansive if (2)A mapping is called quasinonexpansive if and It should be noted that is quasinonexpansive if and only if for all , (3)A mapping is called strongly quasinonexpansive if is quasinonexpansive and , whenever is a bounded sequence in and for some .(4)A mapping is called -Lipschitzian if there exists such that (5)A mapping is called -strongly monotone if there exists such that It is easy to prove that if is a -Lipschitzian and -strongly monotone mapping and if , then the mapping is a contraction.(6)A mapping is called -inverse-strongly monotone if there exists such that (7)A multivalued mapping is called monotone if for all , and imply that (8)A multivalued mapping is called maximal monotone if it is monotone and for any , for every (the graph of mapping ) implies that .
Lemma 2 (see [22]). Let be an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping. Then (1) is an -Lipschitz continuous and monotone mapping;(2)for any constant , one has (3)if , then is a nonexpansive mapping, where is the identity mapping on .
Lemma 3. Let and be any points. Then one has the following. (1)That if and only if there holds the relation: (2)That if and only if there holds the relation: (3)There holds the relation: Consequently, is nonexpansive and monotone.
Definition 4. Let be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping. Then the mapping defined by is called the resolvent operator associated with , where is any positive number and is the identity mapping.
Proposition 5 (see [22]). Let be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping, and let be an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping. Then the following conclusions hold. (1)The resolvent operator associated with is single-valued and nonexpansive for all .(2)The resolvent operator is 1-inverse-strongly monotone; that is, (3) is a solution of the variational inclusion (2) if and only if , for all ; that is, is a fixed point of the mapping . Therefore one has where is the set of solutions of variational inclusion problem (2).(4)If , then is a closed convex subset in .
Lemma 6 (see [23]). For and , the following statements hold: (1);(2).
Lemma 7 (see [24]). Let be a sequence of real numbers, and there exists a subsequence of such that for all , where is the set of all positive integers. Then there exists a nondecreasing sequence of such that and the following properties are satisfied by all (sufficiently large) number : In fact, is the largest number in the set such that holds.
Lemma 8 (see [18]). Let , , , and be such that (1) is a bounded sequence;(2), for all ;(3)whenever is a subsequence of satisfying
it follows that ;(4) and .
Then .
Lemma 9 (see [15]). Let be a multivalued maximal monotone mapping, let be an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping, and let be the set of solutions of variational inclusion problem (2) and . Then the following statements hold. (1)If , then the mapping defined by is quasinonexpansive, where is the identity mapping and is the resolvent operator associated with .(2)The mapping is demiclosed at zero; that is, for any sequence , if and , then .(3)For any , the mapping defined by is a strongly quasinonexpansive mapping and .(4) is demiclosed at zero.
3. Main Results
Throughout this section, we always assume that the following conditions are satisfied:(C1) is a multivalued maximal monotone mapping, is an -inverse-strongly monotone mapping, and is the set of solutions to variational inclusion problem (2) with , , and , for all ;(C2) and , , are the mappings defined by respectively.
Next, there are our main results.
3.1. An Existence Theorem
Theorem 10. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be contractions with a contractive constant , for all . Then there exists a unique element such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Proof. The proof is a consequence of Banach’s contraction principle but it is given here for the sake of completeness. By Proposition 5 and Lemma 9, , , and are nonempty closed and convex. Therefore the metric projection is well defined for each .
Since is a contraction mapping for each , then we have which is a contraction and also have
which is a contraction. Hence there exists a unique element such that
Putting and , then , , and .
Suppose that there is an element such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Then
Therefore
This implies that , , and . This completes the proof.
3.2. A Convergence Theorem
Theorem 11. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be contractions with a contractive constant , for all . Let , , and be three sequences defined by where is a sequence in satisfying and . Then the sequences , , and generated to be (42) converge to , and , respectively, where is the unique element in verifying (36).
Proof. (i) First we prove that sequences , , and are bounded.
From Lemma 9, it follow that is strongly quasinonexpansive and for each . Since is contraction with the coefficient for each and , , and , it follows that
where . Similarly, we can also compute that
This implies that
By induction, we have
for all .
Hence , , and are bounded. Consequently, , , and are bounded.
(ii) Next we prove that for each the following inequality holds:
From (42) and Lemma 6, we have
Similarly, we can also prove that
Adding up inequalities (48) and (49), inequality (47) is proved.
(iii) Next, we prove that if there exists a subsequence such that
then
Since the norm is convex and , by (42), we have
This implies that
Since the sequences , , and are bounded, we have
By Lemma 9, , , and are strongly quasinonexpansive. We have
Consequently, we obtain that
It follows from the boundedness of and which is reflexive that there exists a subsequence of such that and
By Lemma 9, is demiclosed at zero, and so . Hence from (36) we have
Therefore
Similarly, we can also prove that
Hence, we have the desired inequality.
(iv) Finally, we prove that the sequences , , and generated to be (42) converge to , and , respectively.
It is clear that
Substituting (61) into (47), we have
Set
Then, we have the following statements. (i)From (i), is bounded sequence. (ii)From (62), , for all . (iii)From (iii), whenever is a subsequence of satisfying
it follows that .
By Lemma 8, we have
Hence, we obtain that
This completes the proof.
3.3. Consequence Results
Using Theorem 11, we can prove the following results.
Theorem 12. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be a -Lipschitzian and -strongly monotone mapping. Let , , and be three sequences defined by where , , with , and is a sequence in satisfying and . Then the sequences , , and converge to , and , respectively, where is the unique element in such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Proof. It is easy to see that , , and are contraction mappings and all the conditions in Theorem 11 are satisfied. By Theorem 11, we have the sequences , , and which converge to such that the following three inequalities are satisfied: Substituting , , and into (69), we obtain that the sequences , , and converge to such that the following three inequalities are satisfied: This completes the proof
Setting in Theorem 11, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 13. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be contractions with a contractive constant , for all . Let , , and be three sequences defined by where is a sequence in satisfying and . Then the sequences , , and generated to be (42) converge to , , and , respectively, where is the unique element in such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Corollary 14. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be -Lipschitzian and -strongly monotone mapping. Let , , and be three sequences defined by where , , with , and is a sequence in satisfying and . Then the sequences , , and converge to , , and , respectively, where is the unique element in such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Setting , , and in Theorem 11, we obtain the following corollary.
Corollary 15. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be contractions with a contractive constant . Let be the sequences defined by where is a sequence in satisfying and . Then the sequences converge to such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Corollary 16. Let , , , , and satisfy conditions (C1) and (C2), and let be -Lipschitzian and -strongly monotone mapping. Let be the sequences defined by where and is a sequence in satisfying and . Then the sequences converge to such that the following three inequalities are satisfied:
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding to the publication of this paper.
Acknowledgment
The authors would like to thank the National Research University Project of Thailand’s Office of the Higher Education Commission for financial support (NRU no. 57000621).