Hopf Bifurcation and Stability of Periodic Solutions for Delay Differential Model of HIV Infection of CD4⁺ T-cells

Figure 1

A simplified model of virus-CTL interaction. The virus dynamics is described by the basic model of Nowak and Bangham [19]. The uninfected target cells are produced at a rate and die at a rate . They become infected by the virus at a rate . The infected cells produce new virus particle and die at a rate . When recognize antigen on the surface of infected cells, they become activated and expand at a rate , decay at a rate , and differentaite into efector cells at a rate . The effector cells lyse the infected cells at a rate .