Time Delayed Stage-Structured Predator-Prey Model with Birth Pulse and Pest Control Tactics

Figure 7

Dynamical behavior of system (22); the parameter values are as follows: 𝑟=5,𝜏=0.5,𝜔=0.2, 𝛽=0.6,𝑘=0.2,𝑑₁=0.15, 𝑑₂=0.2,𝑑₃=0.1, 𝑝₀=0.2,𝑝=0.5, 𝑎=3,𝑏=6,𝑇=2,𝑙=0.7, and 𝜇=2. Here, 𝑅^∗₁≈0.8733, 𝑝<1−((𝑎𝑒^𝑑3𝑇)/(𝑎+𝑏))≈0.7181.

(a)

(b)

(c)