Hopf Bifurcation, Cascade of Period-Doubling, Chaos, and the Possibility of Cure in a 3D Cancer Model

Figure 2

Phase portrait of system (1) near the equilibrium , with initial conditions: . (a) is an unstable focus for . Integration time: . (b) Limit cycle created with the Hopf bifurcation that occurs when passes through the critical value . Integration time: .

(a)

(b)