Hopf Bifurcation, Cascade of Period-Doubling, Chaos, and the Possibility of Cure in a 3D Cancer Model

Figure 4

Period-doubling bifurcation occurred with the periodic solution created in the Hopf bifurcation at the equilibrium . (a) Periodic orbit of period , for . Integration time: . Initial conditions: , . (b) Periodic behaviour of the coordinate of the solution in (a). Integration time: . Initial conditions: .

(a)

(b)