Foliar Sprays of Citric Acid and Malic Acid Modify Growth, Flowering, and Root to Shoot Ratio of Gazania (Gazania rigens L.): A Comparative Analysis by ANOVA and Structural Equations Modeling

Table 1

Mean comparison table.

Treatment	Shoot fresh weight (g)	Shoot dry weight (g)	Root fresh weight (g)	Root dry weight (g)	Root to shoot ratio (DW)	Dry biomass (g)	Water content (%)	Peduncle length (cm)	Plant height (cm)	Flower count	Flower display time (day)
Control	223	30		0.96^c	0.035	31.4	85.9^ab	16.3^b	19.1^c	16.3	7.4^c
MA 100 mg L^−1	231	34.5	2.8^ab	1.2^bc	0.034	35.6	84.9^b	21.2^a	22.5^b	16.2	8.6^b
MA 300 mg L^−1	279	43.8	3.6^a	1.6^ab	0.042	45.5	84.4^b	22.4^a	23.4^ab	13.5	8.4^b
CA 100 mg L^−1	254	30.4	3.7^a	1.1^bc	0.039	31.1	87.6^a	20.7^a	24^ab	17.7	9.4^a
CA 300 mg L^−1	266	38.6	3.7^a	1.8^a	0.049	40.4	85.5^ab	22^a	25^a	16.3	8.7^b
test
Treatment effect	ns^†	ns	**	**	ns	ns	*	**	**	ns	**
CV (%, mean)	38.9	45.7	39.3	48.8	41.5	42.9	3.4	15.8	12.8	44.7	6.3

Values in the same column that are followed by the same letter do not differ significantly according to Douncan’s multiple range test ( < 0.05). Letters were not shown for those considered nonsignificant by test.
^†ns: nonsignificant, *significant ( < 0.05), and **significant ( < 0.01).