Association of Chocolate Spot and Faba Bean Rust Epidemics with Climate Change Resilient Cultural Practices in Bale Highlands, Ethiopia

Table 3

Mean incidence and percentage severity index (PSI) of faba bean chocolate spot and rust for different independent variables during 2017 main cropping season in Bale highlands, south eastern Ethiopia.

Independent Variable	Variable class	Chocolate spot		Rust
		Incidence	PSI	Incidence	PSI
		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Districts	Agarfa	90.7 ± 9.0	32.9 ± 11.5	43.8 ± 25.1	18.2 ± 17.1
	Dinsho	87.6 ± 12.2	44.0 ± 10.7	45.8 ± 17.1	24.5 ± 7.3
	Gasera	93.2 ± 8.9	47.1 ± 16.1	78.2 ± 18.9	37.9 ± 17.1
	Ginir	80.2 ± 6.8	23.3 ± 7.2	56.5 ± 20.5	18.6 ± 3.3
	Goba	92.1 ± 12.2	34.1 ± 12.2	56.6 ± 25.8	20.2 ± 10.6
	Gololcha	89.3 ± 13.4	26.1 ± 6.6	54.6 ± 6.4	21.6 ± 1.2
	Goro	70.9 ± 18.9	10.5 ± 4.1	23.6 ± 13.4	4.8 ± 4.3
	Sinana	86.9 ± 18.2	29.2 ± 9.7	36.1 ± 16.2	11.6 ± 7.7
Planting date	July	90.4 ± 16.8	37.5 ± 14.7	53.5 ± 14.9	26.4 ± 17.3
	August	89.0 ± 13.6	32.9 ± 13.5	52.7 ± 18.9	23.7 ± 13.3
	September	85.2 ± 12.3	23.4 ± 12.5	39.4 ± 34.0	11.2 ± 11.2
Previous crop	Legume	89.0 ± 18.8	33.0 ± 16.0	50.2 ± 34.2	21.2 ± 16.0
	Cereal	88.2 ± 14.5	30.4 ± 15.0	48.1 ± 23.7	17.3 ± 16.3
	Vegetable	76.0 ± 14.5	31.6 ± 14.0	48.4 ± 30.7	17.3 ± 12.6
Altitudes	Low	85.5 ± 16.8	26.0 ± 16.9	45.3 ± 32.4	18.1 ± 22.1
	Medium	81.7 ± 8.3	34.0 ± 10.9	54.3 ± 25.6	21.6 ± 15.4
	High	91.5 ± 13.5	35.4 ± 12.8	56.8 ± 33.9	24.6 ± 10.9
Cropping system	Mixed	87.5 ± 12.2	30.1 ± 13.2	47.7 ± 19.8	19.4 ± 16.4
	Sole	90.5 ± 15.2	35.0 ± 15.2	60.9 ± 33.7	25.3 ± 15.6
Growth stage	Flowering	88.6 ± 14.5	30.9 ± 16.4	73.3 ± 24.3	17.2 ± 12.9
	Podding	86.4 ± 14.6	31.4 ± 13.4	43.1 ± 25.9	21.3 ± 15.6
	Late podding	87.9 ± 14.9	36.2 ± 13.0	52.6 ± 35.7	36.7 ± 14.9
Weed management	Good	86.4 ± 15.0	25.7 ± 13.0	42.7 ± 19.7	12.1 ± 10.8
	Intermediate	86.5 ± 17.9	30.1 ± 14.1	38.8 ± 27.5	12.7 ± 9.9
	Poor	91.5 ± 10.2	37.9 ± 14.8	63.2 ± 30.8	28.9 ±16.3
Soil type	Clay	86.3 ± 17.7	32.7 ± 11.0	48.8 ± 30.2	22.4 ± 9.8
	Vertisol	88.0 ± 15.7	37.0 ± 15.0	47.7 ± 31.3	17.6 ± 17.3
	Loam	87.7 ± 14.0	29.0 ± 14.0	56.0 ± 30.7	23.8 ± 15.1
Fertilizer	Fertilized	84.7 ± 13.6	26.0 ± 12.6	49.2 ± 29.4	20.1 ± 14.2
	Unfertilized	89.4 ± 15.6	35.0 ± 16.0	52.4 ± 35.3	20.9 ± 17.8
Fungicides	Sprayed	90.0 ± 11.7	29.5 ± 13.0	50.6 ± 27.3	20.4 ± 15.5
	Unsprayed	97.6 ± 15.5	35.5 ± 15.0	52.0 ± 43.9	20.6 ± 16.1

ercentage severity index. tandard deviation.