Reproductive Disorders of Cattle in the Tole District of Southwest Ethiopia and Their Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Table 2

The effect of potential risk factors on the reproductive problems of cattle in the study area.

Variables	Categories	Total cattle tested	Total cattle positive (%)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
				OR (CI; 95%)	value	OR (CI; 95%)	value
Herd size	Small (<10)	298	114 (38.3)	—	—
	Large (>10)	102	37 (36.3)	1.1 (0.68–1.74)	0.722
Species composition	Only cattle	261	96 (36.8)	1.1 (0.74–1.72)	0.584
	Mixed	139	55 (39.6)	—	—
Breed	Local	290	110 (37.9)	1.0 (0.65–1.62)	0.903
	Cross	110	41 (37.3)	—	—
Parity	Monoparous	15	5 (33.3)	1.2 (0.41–3.65)	0.719
	Pluriparous	385	146 (37.9)	—	—
Age	<3 years	52	20 (38.5)	1.0 (0.54–1.87)	0.979
	3–6 years	110	39 (35.5)	1.2 (0.72–1.84)	0.567
	>6 years	238	92 (38.7)	—	—
Body condition	Good	57	17 (29.8)	1.6 (0.85–3.14)	0.143
	Medium	194	73 (37.6)	1.2 (0.74–1.78)	0.533
	Poor	149	61 (40.9)	—	—
Type of breeding	Natural	325	120 (36.9)	1.2 (0.72–2.0)	0.478
	AI	75	31 (41.3)	—	—
Management	Extensive	348	132 (37.9)	—	—
	Sem-intensive	52	19 (36.5)	1.1 (0.58–1.94)	0.847
Season of calving							0.026
	Autumn	95	34 (35.8)	1.1 (0.58–1.95)	0.843	1.1 (0.57–2.00)	0.838
	Summer	101	30 (29.7)	1.4 (0.76–2.58)	0.278	1.4 (0.73–2.60)	0.329
	Spring	118	55 (46.6)	3.7 (1.39–6.10)	0.001	3.7 (1.37–7.18)	0.003
	Winter	86	32 (37.2)	—	—	—	—
Previous history of the problem	Yes	67	22 (32.8)	1.3 (0.74–2.25)	0.364
	No	333	129 (38.7)
Contact of cattle with a dog	Yes	218	103 (47.2)	—	—	—	—
	No	182	48 (26.4)	2.5 (1.64–3.82)	0.0001	2.5 (1.64–3.85)	0.0001

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval; “—” Ref: reference.