Reproductive Disorders of Cattle in the Tole District of Southwest Ethiopia and Their Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors

Table 5

The effect of potential risk factors for cattle dystocia in the study area.

Variables	Categories	Total cattle tested	Total cattle positive (%)	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
				OR (CI; 95%)	value	OR (CI; 95%)	value
Herd size	Small (<10)	298	10 (3.4)	1.2 (0.31–4.25)	0.839
	Large (>10)	102	3 (2.9)	—	—
Herd type	Only cattle	261	11 (4.2)	3.0 (0.66–13.79)	0.155
	Mixed	139	2 (0.1)	—	—
Breed	Local	290	9 (3.1)	—	—
	Cross	110	4 (3.6)	1.2 (0.36–3.91)	0.789
Parity	Monoparous	15	2 (13.3)	5.2 (1.05–26.04)	0.043	5.2 (1.05–26.04)	0.043
	Pluriparous	385	12 (3.1)	—	—	—	—
Age	<3 years	52	3 (5.8)	2.0 (0.51–8.01)	0.320
	3–6 years	110	3 (2.7)	0.9 (0.24–3.65)	0.912
	>6 years	238	7 (2.9)	—	—
Body condition	Good	57	2 (3.5)	1.3 (0.24–7.40)	0.754
	Medium	194	7 (3.6)	1.4 (0.39–4.72)	0.632
	Poor	149	4 (2.7)	—	—
Type of breeding	Natural	325	11 (3.4)	1.3 (0.28–5.98)	0.753
	AI	75	2 (2.7)	—	—
Management	Extensive	348	11 (3.2)	—	—
	Sem-intensive	52	2 (3.8)	1.2 (0.26–5.69)	0.785
Season of calving					0.772
	Autumn	95	2 (2.1)	—	—
	Summer	101	2 (2.0)	0.9 (0.13–6.81)	0.951
	Spring	118	5 (4.2)	2.1 (0.39–10.85)	0.395
	Winter	86	4 (4.7)	2.3 (0.41–12.71)	0.352
Previous history of dystocia	Yes	67	1 (1.5)
	No	333	12 (3.6)	2.5 (0.32–19.30)	0.390
Contact of cattle with a dog	Yes	218	5 (2.3)	—	—
	No	182	8 (4.4)	2.0 (0.63–6.10)	0.246

OR: odds ratio; CI: confidence interval, “—” Ref: reference.