Advances in Agriculture

Review Article

Critical Review on Plant Micropropagation of Ethiopian Plants Reported So Far: Existing Gaps, Required Standardization, and Future Research Direction

Table 2

List of species studied in Ethiopia, with background information on surface sterilization, plant growth regulators, and their applied rates.


S.N.	Species name	Explant used	Surface sterilization		Media ± plant growth regulator (PGR) Type	Ref.No
			Type (Concentration)	Exposure time

1	Prunus salicina Lindl.	Nodes	Soap sol. + washing	5 m to 20 m	For Shooting: BAP or Kin ± IBA:	[37]
			alcohol (70% (v/v))	30 s
			HgCl2 (0.1%(W/V))	7 m	For rooting: ½ Ms + IBA or IAA
			NaOCl (2%) + Tween-20	20 m
2	Vitis vinifera L.	Single-node shoots	Ethanol (70%)		For shooting: MS + BAP + IBA	[38]
			NaOCl 2%	7 m	For rooting: MS + IBA
3	Zingiber officinale Roscoe.	Shoot tips and auxiliary bud	Ethanol (70%)	Brief immersion	for Shootin: i. MS + BA + Kin and ii. BA + NAA	[39]
			Active chlorine (5%) + Tween-20	15 m
4	Guizotia abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.	Hypocotyl; Micropropagation,	Ethanol (70%)	2 m	Shoot initiation & proliferation: BAP + NAA; MS + NAA + IAA + BAP; MS + BAP + NAA	[40]
			CaOCl2 10 (%w/v) + Tween −80	15 m + 7 m
			HgCl2 (0.1%)	5 m
5	Carica papaya L	Shoot buds	Hot water, tween 20Kocide solution	3 × 15 m² drops 0.3%w/v	Shoot tip initiation: MS + BAP + Kin	[27]
6	Saccharum officinarum L.	Shoot tips	Hot water treatment (3 × 15) min	2 h (50oC)	Shoot tip initiation: MS + BAP + Kin	[42]
			Kocide sol. (0.3% (w/v))	30 m
			Ethanol (70%)
			NaOCl (4%) + Tween 20	20 m
7	Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman,	Shoot tips	Ethanol	5 m	For shooting: MS + BAP + NAA	[28]
			NaOCl (2%)	10 & 20 m	For rooting: BA
8	Triticum turgidum& T. aestivum L, Var.;Yerer, Simba, Ude and Galama,	Unfertilized ovary (Immature spikes)	Ethanol (70%)	1 m	MS or N6 or Chu or B5 + 2,4-D; EF: 2,4-D + (Kin) + 30 g/l maltose; Reg. of shoot: Cold pretreatment at + 60 g/l sucrose	[43]
			NaOCl (5.25%) + Tween 20	10 m
9	Manihot esculenta Crantz.	Nodes	Kocide-103 sol. (0.3%)	30 m	Shooting: BAP and Kin;RI: NAA and BAP for root induction	[44]
			Ethanol (70%)	1 m
			NaOCl (0.1%) + tween −20	10 m
10	Ananas comosuss (L.) Merr.	Shoot tips	Running water		MS + 2 mg/l BA rooting: ½MS with 3 mg/l IBA	[45]
11	Sesamum indicum L.	Anther	Ethanol (70%)	45 m	callusing: MS + 2, 4-D + BAP shooting: MS + BAP + BAP + NAA Rooting: ½MS + IBA + NAA	[46]
			Kcl (5%)	10 m
			Hgcl2 (0.1%)	1 m
12	Coffea arabica L.	Leaf	ethanol (70%)	20–30 s	CIM:-BAP + IAA, and/or (2, 4-D); EC formation:- calli transferred 2,4-D + BAP; EGM: BAP + GA3	[11]
			3% NaOCl	15 m
13	C. edulis Hemsl.	Seed & shoot tips	Kocide sol. (30 g l⁻¹)	30/60 m	(MS and ½ MS) or (B5&1/2 B5) + (BAP, GA)	[55]
			ethanol (70%)	3 m
			NaOCl (5%)	(5,8,10 &15 m)
14	Musa x paradisiaca L.	Shoot meristems	detergent sol.	15–20 m	For shoot initiation: BAP + IAA for shoot proliferation: BAP and IAA; For rooting: NAA & IAA or IBA	[47]
			Ethanol (70%)
			NaOCl (2%)	10 m
15	Echinops kebericho Mesfin.	Seed and shoot tips	Running Water	10 m	Shoot induction: BAP and Kin Shoot multiplication: BAP + Kin + TDZ ± NAA rooting: Full,½ and 1/3 MS + IBA and NAA	[13]
			Ethanol (70%)	9 m
			NaOCl (5.25%) + Tween 20	5 m
16	Capsicum annuum L.	Node & shoot tip	Ethanol (70%)	1 m	Cytokinins: BAP, Zeatin Kin,	[23]
			NaOCl (2%–4%)	10–25 m	Auxins; IAA and IBA
17	Coccinia abyssinica (Lam.) Cogn.,var. 29)	Shoot tips & nodal segments	Mancozeb sol. (0.3%)	20 m	For culture establishment; MS + BAP and kinetin Shoot regeneration; BAP ± IAA For rooting: ½ MS + 15 g/l sucrose + IBA	[52]
			ethanol (70%)	30 s
			NaOCl (5.25%) + Tween -20	5,10 & 1 m
18	Aframomum corrorima (Braun) Jansen.	Axillary buds	Ethanol (70%)	1 m	Shooting:MS + 5% coconut water + 3 mg/l BA and 1 mg/l Kin	[49]
			NaOCl + Tween-80(6% + 2 ml)	5 and 10 m
19	Solanum tuberosum L. Var.Hunde’& var.‘Ararsa’	Lateral buds	Ethyl alcohol (70%)	10 s	MS + GA3, NAA SC: (30 gl⁻¹)	[35]
			NaOCl (10%) + Tween-20	20 m
20	Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. var.,Beletech, Awassa-83 and Belela	Apical meristem	Ethanol (70%)	1 m	Cytokinin (BAP and Kin) and auxin (IBA and NAA)	[53]
			NaOCl (0.1%)	4 to 7 m
21	Brassica carinata A. Br., var. Holeta and yellow Dodola	Hypocotyl & cotyledon leaves	Ethanol (70%)	1 m	callus induction:2.4-D, BAP, NAA SC = 2% for rooting	[29]
			NaOCl (1%)	20 m

BAP = 6-benzylaminopurine, B5 = Gamborg medium, CaOCl₂ = calcium hypochlorite, CIM = callus induction medium, 2,4-D = 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, EC = embryonic callus, EGM = embryo germination medium, GA3 = Gibberellic Acid, Hgcl2 = mercuric chloride, h = hours, IAA = indol acetic acid, IBA = indole-3-butyric acid, Kin = kinetin, KOcide = contact protect ant fungicide, MS = Murashige and Skoog, NAA = α-naphthalene acetic acid, m = minutes, NaOCl = sodium hypochlorite, s = seconds, PGRs = plant growth regulators, RI = root induction, Sol.= solution, SC = sucrose, TDZ = Thidiazuron, v/v = volume per volume, w/v = weight per volume.