A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy

Table 5

Physicochemical properties of the C. megalocarpus seed crude oil.

Property	Oil	ASTM6751	EN14214	Reference
Viscosity at 40^0 C (mm^2/s)	27.23	1.9–6.0	3.5–5.0	[49]
Iodine value (gI2/100g)	117	130 max	120 max	[49]
Density at 150C (kg/m^3)	920	850–900	860–900	[49]
pH	5.14	—	—	[49]
Moisture (%)	0.8	0.05max		[48]
				[49]
			—
Ash (%)	2.4	<0.02
Saponification value (SV) (mg/KOH/g)	188	—	—	[43]
Acid value (mg/KOH/g)	2.52	0.8 max	0.50 max	[49]
Refractive index at 25O C	1.54	—	—	[49]
Peroxide index (meq/Kg)	10.29	—	—	[48]
Cloud point °C		2 to −12	—	[49]
Flash point °C	—	>93	>101	[49]
Water sediment (%)	—	0.05 max	-	[49]
Specific gravity	0.918	—	—	[49]
Acid value (mg KOH/g)	3.343	—	—	[46]
Free fatty acid (FFA) (%)	1.68	—	—	[49]
SV	194.9	—	—	[49]