Review Article
A Critical Review of Croton as a Multipurpose Nonedible Tree Plant for Biodiesel Production towards Feedstock Diversification for Sustainable Energy
Table 8
Physical Properties of Croton biodiesel and petro-diesel.
| | Property | C. megalocarpus | C. megalocarpus | C. megalocarpus | Petro-diesel [118] | ASTM recommended value | EN 14214 Recommended value | | Biodiesel [118] | Biodiesel [52] | Biodiesel [119] |
| | Density (40°C, g/cm3) | 0.886 | 0.883 | 0.886 | 0.823 | 0.860–0.900 g/cm3 | 0.860–0.900 g/cm3 | | Kinematic viscosity (40OC, cs) | 4.51 | 4.78 | 4.51 | 2.87 | 1.9–6.0 | 3.5–5.0 | | Calorific value (MJ/Kg) | 39.18 | 37.24 | 39.18 | 44.65 | Report | Report | | Cloud point (°C) | −1.5 | −6 | −1.5 | 4.0 | Report | Report | | Pour point (°C) | −6.5 | −11 | −6.5 | −2.0 | Report | Report | | Flashpoint | >200 | 192 | >200 | 65 | 130 (Minimum) | 120 min | | Acid number (mg KOH/g) | 0.336 | 0.20 | 0.336 | — | 0.8 (Maximum) | 0.50 max | | Cetane number | − | 47.52 | | 54.60 | 47 min | 51 min | | Oxidative stability (h) | | 2.88 | | | 3 min | 6 min | | Free glycerol % (m/m) | − | 0.019 | − | — | 0.02 max | 0.02 max | | Total glycerol % (m/m) | − | 0.22 | − | — | 0.24 max | 0.25 max |
|
|
