Impact of Improved Forage Technology Adoption on Dairy Productivity and Household Income: A Propensity Score Matching Estimation in Northern Ethiopia

Table 4

Demographic and socioeconomic characteristics for binary variables (X²-test).

Variables	Categories	Adopter (N = 192)		Nonadopter (N = 128)		Total value		X ^2-value	value
		Count	%	Count	%	Count	%
Sex	Male	115	42	158	58	274	85.89	2.75	0.097
	Female	13	29	32	71	45	14.11
Training	Yes	58	79.45	15	20.55	73	22.88	60.938	0.000
	No	70	28.46	176	71.54	246	77.12
Field day	Yes	64	90.14	7	9.86	71	22.26	95.092	0.000
	No	64	25.81	184	74.19	248	77.74
Extension contact	Yes	123	67.96	58	32.04	181	56.74	134.88	0.000
	No	5	3.26	133	96.38	138	43.26
Income from off-farm	Yes	34	46.58	39	53.42	73	22.88	1.6392	0.200
	No	94	38.21	152	61.79	246	77.12

The symbols , , and denote statistical significance at 10%, 5%, and 1% level, respectively. Source: authors’ analysis using primary data (2021).