Determinants of Smallholder Farmers’ Income Diversification in Sodo Zuria District, Southern Ethiopia

Table 2

Description, measurements, and hypotheses of independent variables.

Variables	Variables descriptions	Measurements	Hypothesis	Previous findings
Dependent variable
SID	Income diversification index	(0–1)
Independent variables
Sex	Sex of household head	One if the household head is male; zero, if female	+	Asfir [34]
Age	Age of household head	Years	+	Abera et al. [25]
Education	Formal education of household head	One if not attended formal grades at least primary school and zero otherwise	+	[5]
Family size	Family size of household	In number	+	Etea et al. [7]
Land size	Total farm size of household	Hectare	–	Gebreyesus [8]
Livestock ownership	Livestock ownership by the farm household	One if owned at least one livestock and zero, if no livestock is owned	+	[25]
Fertiliser use	Application of fertilizer for agricultural production	One if a household uses fertilizer and zero otherwise	+
Training received	The household head attended formal agricultural training	One, if yes; zero, otherwise	+	[7]
Credit	Household received formal credit	One, if yes; zero, otherwise	+	[5]