A Comparative Numerical Study on the Performances and Vortical Patterns of Two Bioinspired Oscillatory Mechanisms: Undulating and Pure Heaving

Figure 12

The criterion values showing the footprints of the wake structure for (a) the undulating foil at , (b) the undulating foil at , (c) the heaving foil at , and (d) the heaving foil at , in .

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)