A Comparative Numerical Study on the Performances and Vortical Patterns of Two Bioinspired Oscillatory Mechanisms: Undulating and Pure Heaving

Figure 4

Time histories of (a) the inline force, (b) the transverse force, and (c) the moment of the heaving and undulatory oscillations at three Strouhal numbers , , and , respectively, in .

(a)

(b)

(c)