Drag Reduction and Performance Improvement of Hydraulic Torque Converters with Multiple Biological Characteristics

<table class="figure-group"><tr class="fig-image" id="a"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/abb/volume-2016/3641651/figures/3641651.fig.0011a.svgz" name="3641651.fig.0011a" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(a) </b>Surface morphology of dung beetle</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="b"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/abb/volume-2016/3641651/figures/3641651.fig.0011b.svgz" name="3641651.fig.0011b" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(b) </b>Microstructure on the chest</td></tr><tr class="fig-image" id="c"><td><object data="https://static.hindawi.com/articles/abb/volume-2016/3641651/figures/3641651.fig.0011c.svgz" name="3641651.fig.0011c" type="image/svg+xml"></object></td></tr><tr class="fig-caption"><td><b>(c) </b>Mathematical model of concaves</td></tr></table>

<div>Nonsmooth surfaces of dung beetle.</div>

Applied Bionics and Biomechanics

fig11

Figure 11

Figure 11: Drag Reduction and Performance Improvement of Hydraulic Torque Converters with Multiple Biological Characteristics 