Cell Colonization Ability of a Commercialized Large Porous Alveolar Scaffold

Table 1

Various scaffolds and protocols used for the in vitro development of tissue-engineered bone scaffolds.

Ref.	Cell	Scaffold	Protocol	Observation
[14]	Rat MSC	60% HAP, 40% β-TCP; Porosity 90%; Cylinders ( mm, mm)	Seeding: suction; Culture: static versus fluid flow	Poor mechanical properties
[11]	Human MSC	HAP; Porosity 80%; Cylinders ( mm, mm)	Seeding: static versus fluid flow; Culture: static	Homogeneity; (i) After 3 days ≤ 40%; (ii) After 14 days ≤ 70%
[16]	Fluorescent particles	PCL; Porosity 90%; Parallelepipeds ( mm, mm)	Seeding: static with acoustic waves	Homogeneous repartition in the first 3 mm, then gradient of particle concentration
[12]	Ovine MSC	β-TCP porosity not given; Tubes ( mm, Di = 3 mm, De = 14 mm)	Seeding: suction; Culture: fluid flow	Gradient of cell concentration from the center towards the outside of the tube
[13]	MC3T3^1	Polystyrene foam; Porosity 95%; Cylinders ( mm, mm)	Seeding: static versus fluid flow	Few cells actually seeded on the scaffold; Homogeneity: 40% (static) to 80% (fluid flow)
[15]	MG63^2	PLA; Porosity 95.7%; Cylinders ( mm, mm)	Seeding: fluid flow	Homogeneity ≤ 50%; Poor mechanical properties
[9]	MC3T3	HAP; Macroscopic canals; Cylinders ( mm, mm)	Culture: static versus fluid flow	Static: peripheral cellular colonization only; Fluid flow: volumic colonization
[10]	Immortalized MSC	PDLLA-dimethacrylate; Porosity 67%; Cylinders ( mm, mm)	Culture: static versus fluid flow	Comparison between alveolar and gyroïd structures: better cell homogeneity for the latter

A more detailed review can be found in [31]. h: height; D: diameter; D_i: internal diameter; D_e: external diameter; S: section. ¹MC3T3: immortalized mouse osteoblastic precursors; ²MG63: human osteoblastic cells from an osteosarcoma.