Research Article
Study on the Interaction between Soil and the Five-Claw Combination of a Mole Using the Discrete Element Method
Table 2
DEM parameters used in the simulations.
| Property | Value |
| Density of soil particles (kg/m3) | 2600 [31] | Density of steel (kg/m3) | 7820 [32] | Shear modulus of soil (Pa) | 5 × 107 [33] | Shear modulus of steel (Pa) | 7.9 × 1010 [32] | Yield strength of the soil (Pa) | 5.88 × 105 [17] | Poisson’s ratio of soil | 0.3 [33] | Poisson’s ratio of steel | 0.3 [32] | Coefficient of restitution of soil-soil | 0.6 [31] | Coefficient of restitution of soil-steel | 0.6 [31] | Coefficient of friction of soil-soil | 0.57 [17] | Coefficient of friction of soil-steel | 0.5 [17] | Coefficient of rolling friction of soil-soil | 0.16 [17] | Coefficient of rolling friction of soil-steel | 0.05 [17] | Cohesive energy density between soil-soil (J/m3) | 5000 [19] | —the stiffness factor | 0.95 [17] | —the damping factor | 0.05 [17] |
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