A Study of the Effect of the Front-End Styling of Sport Utility Vehicles on Pedestrian Head Injuries

Figure 3

Simplified FE model of a typical SUV model and the relevant constraint settings.

(a) Side view

(b) Axonometric view

(c) Fully constrained

(d) Unconstrained x-axis translation

(e) Unconstrained z-axis translation

(f) Constrained z-axis translation and rotation