Biomechanical Analysis of the Forces Exerted during Different Occlusion Conditions following Bilateral Sagittal Split Osteotomy Treatment for Mandibular Deficiency
Table 1
The loading conditions, size, and direction of the muscular forces produced by the different occlusion conditions and sites of tooth fixation in the present study. This table is reproduced from Huang et al. [15] and Korioth and Hannam [16].
Clenching tasks
Side
Direction
Muscular force (N)
Constraint
SM
DM
MP
AT
MT
PT
Incisal clench (INC)
Right
Force
76.2
21.2
136.3
12.6
5.7
3.0
Constrained the incisor regions
Fx
-15.8
-11.6
66.3
-1.9
-1.3
-0.6
Fy
-31.9
7.6
-50.9
-0.6
2.9
2.6
Fz
67.3
16.1
107.8
12.5
4.8
1.4
Left
Force
76.2
21.2
136.3
12.6
5.7
3.0
Fx
15.8
11.6
-66.3
1.9
1.3
0.6
Fy
-31.9
7.6
-50.9
-0.6
2.9
2.6
Fz
67.3
16.1
107.8
12.5
4.8
1.4
Intercuspal position (ICP)
Right
Force
190.4
81.6
132.8
154.8
91.8
71.1
Constrained the canine and premolar regions
Fx
-39.4
-44.6
64.6
-23.1
-20.4
-14.8
Fy
-79.8
29.2
-49.6
-6.8
45.9
60.8
Fz
168.3
61.9
105.1
153.0
76.8
33.7
Left
Force
190.4
81.6
132.8
154.8
91.8
71.1
Fx
39.4
44.6
-64.6
23.1
20.4
14.8
Fy
-79.8
29.2
-49.6
-6.8
45.9
60.8
Fz
168.3
61.9
105.1
153.0
76.8
33.7
Right unilateral molar clench (RMOL)
Right
Force
137.1
58.8
146.8
115.3
63.1
44.6
Constrained the right molars
Fx
-28.4
-32.1
71.4
-17.2
-14.0
-9.3
Fy
-57.4
21.0
-54.8
-5.1
31.5
38.1
Fz
121.2
44.5
116.1
114.0
52.8
21.1
Left
Force
114.2
49.0
104.9
91.6
64.1
29.5
Fx
23.6
26.7
-51.0
13.7
14.2
6.1
Fy
-47.9
17.5
-39.1
-4.0
32.0
25.2
Fz
101.0
37.1
83.0
90.5
53.6
14.0
Right group function (RGF)
Right
Force
34.3
29.4
12.2
104.3
61.2
46.9
Constrained the right canine, premolars, and molars
Fx
-7.1
-16.0
6.0
-15.5
-13.6
9.8
Fy
-14.4
10.5
-4.6
-4.6
30.6
40.1
Fz
30.3
22.3
9.7
103.0
51.2
22.2
Left
Force
51.4
21.2
132.8
11.1
5.7
4.5
Fx
10.6
11.6
-64.6
1.7
1.3
0.9
Fy
-21.5
7.6
-49.6
-0.5
2.9
3.9
Fz
45.4
16.1
105.1
10.9
4.8
2.2
SM: superficial masseter; DM: deep masseter; MP: medial pterygoid; AT: anterior temporalis; MT: middle temporalis; PT: posterior temporalis. All raw data were obtained from Huang et al. [15] and Korioth and Hannam [16].
