Development of a Three-Dimensional Finite Element Model of Thoracolumbar Kyphotic Deformity following Vertebral Column Decancellation

Table 2

Material properties of the finite element model [18].

	Cortical bone	Cancellous bone	Endplate	Endplate cartilage	Nucleus pulposus	Annulus fibrosis	Cartilage
Element type	Shell	Hexahedron	Shell	Shell	Hexahedron	Hexahedron	Shell
Material model	Power-law plasticity	Power-law plasticity	Power-law plasticity	Isotropic elastic	Viscoelastic	Isotropic elastic	Isotropic elastic
Material properties	g/cm^3; MPa; MPa	g/cm^3; MPa; MPa	g/cm^3; MPa; MPa	g/cm^3; MPa	GPa; Gs = 2 MPa; Gl = 1.4 MPa	g/cm^3; MPa	g/cm^3; MPa

indicates the density. indicates the Young modulus. indicates the Poisson ratio. indicates the strength coefficient. indicates the strain hardening exponent. indicates the volume model. Gs indicates the short-time shear modulus. Gl indicates the long-time (infinite) shear modulus.