Presentation of an Approach on Determination of the Natural Frequency of Human Lumbar Spine Using Dynamic Finite Element Analysis

Table 1

The material parameters of the poroelastic lumbar FE model.

		Elastic formulation		Poroelastic formulation		References
		Elastic modulus (MPa)	Poisson’s ratio	Permeability (m^4/Ns)	Void ratio
Cancellous bone	Linear elastic	100	0.2	1e^−13	0.4	[15, 19, 23]
Cortical bone	Linear elastic	10,000	0.3	1e^−20	0.02	[15, 19, 23]
Annulus fibrosus	Linear elastic	357–550	0.3			[22]
Annulus ground substance	Hyperelastic	C10 = 0.315, D = 0.688		9e^−16	2.33	[15, 20, 24]
Nucleus pulposus	Hyperelastic	C10 = 0.125, D = 2.475		3e^−16	4	[15, 20, 24]
Ligament/facet	Hyperelastic	Fitting from previous experiment				[21]